[97] They made a Declaration of Rights with equality for all citizens without discrimination and a Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada in 1838. The Film Festival of the 3 Americas, Quebec City, the Festival of International Short Film, Saguenay, the World Film Festival and the Festival of New Cinema, Montreal, are other annual events surrounding the film industry in Quebec. [91], Although the Quebec Act was unrelated to the events in Boston of 1773, and was not regarded as one of the Coercive Acts, the timing of its passage led British colonists to the south to believe that it was part of the program to punish them. [179] The research and development expenditures will be more than 3% of the province's GDP in 2013. Forests cover more than half of Quebec's territory, for a total area of nearly 761,100 square kilometres (293,900 sq mi). Confinement in Québec and introduction of a curfew between 8 p.m. and 5 a.m. from January 9 to February 8, 2021: Stay home and consult the Confinement in Québec page for details. In the 2016 census, Quebec had a population of 8,164,361 living in 3,531,663 of its 3,858,943 total dwellings, a 3.3% change from its 2011 population of 7,903,001. Most of Quebec's population lives in this area of vegetation, almost entirely along the banks of the St. Lawrence. Many metallic minerals are exploited, the principals are gold, iron, copper and zinc. [21] After the Constitutional Act of 1791, the territory was divided between Lower Canada (present-day Quebec) and Upper Canada (present-day Ontario), with each being granted an elected legislative assembly. An unprepared British Army had to raise militia force; the rebel forces scored a victory in Saint-Denis but were soon defeated. In 1778, Frederick Haldimand took over for Guy Carleton as governor of Quebec. Quebec has a fertility rate higher than the Canadian average at 1.69 children per woman, but this is still far below the replacement rate of 2.1. In 2009, its gross domestic product (GDP) of US$32,408 per capita at purchasing power parity puts the province at par with Japan, Italy and Spain, but remains lower than the Canadian average of US$37,830 per capita. It is the only predominantly French-speaking province, and the French language is recognized as the official language. The provincial debt-to-GDP ratio peaked at 50.7% in fiscal year 2012–2013, and is projected to decline to 33.8% in 2023–2024. In 1758, the British mounted an attack on New France by sea and took the French fort at Louisbourg. [213] Quebec society bases its cohesion and specificity on a set of statements, a few notable examples of which include: Traditional music is imbued with many dances, such as the jig, the quadrille, the reel and line dancing, which developed in the festivities since the early days of colonization. The province's economic output was CA$439.3 billion in 2018, almost 20 percent of the Canada's total gross domestic product. The white admiral butterfly (Limenitis arthemis)[244] won with 32% of the 230 660 votes against the spotted lady beetle (Coleomegilla maculata lengi), the ebony jewelwing damselfly (Calopteryx maculata), a species of bumble bee (Bombus impatiens) and the six-spotted tiger beetle (Cicindela sexguttata sexguttata). While low and medium altitude peak from western Quebec to the far north, high altitudes mountains emerge in the Capitale-Nationale region to the extreme east, along its longitude. [149] In June 2017 S&P rated Quebec as an AA- credit risk, surpassing Ontario for the first time. As part of the announcement, Quebec also revealed an updated, more optimistic timeline to inoculate the population. Francophones account for 81% of the total population, although their birth rate is very low. On September 13, 1759, the British forces of General James Wolfe defeated those of French General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm on the Plains of Abraham outside Quebec City. [161] Pauline Marois has recently unveiled a two billion dollar budget for the period between 2013 to 2017 to create about 115,000 new jobs in knowledge and innovation sectors. Geologically, the lowlands formed as a rift valley about 100 million years ago and are prone to infrequent but significant earthquakes. This frontier aggression known as the Jumonville affair set the stage for the French and Indian War (a US designation; in Canada it is usually referred to as the Seven Years' War, although French Canadians often call it La guerre de la Conquête ["The War of Conquest"][87][88]) in North America. This article is about the Canadian province. The Conscription Crisis of 1917 did much to highlight the divisions between French and English-speaking Canadians in Canada. Quebec's culture blends its historic roots with its aboriginal heritage and the contributions of recent immigrants, as well as receiving a strong influence from English-speaking North America. Quebec covers 1,542,056 square kilometres, about 11.5% of which is water in the form of lakes and rivers. [40] Winters are long, very cold, and snowy, and among the coldest in eastern Canada, while summers are warm but very short due to the higher latitude and the greater influence of Arctic air masses. Why Visit Quebec? Quebec accounts for 24% of Canada's total population. Quebec (/ k ə ˈ b ɛ k / or / k w ɪ ˈ b ɛ k /; French: Québec ()) is a province in the eastern part Canada situated between the Hudson Bay and the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.It is the largest of Canada's ten provinces by size.It also has the second-highest number of people, after Ontario.Most of Quebec's inhabitants live along or close to the banks of the Saint Lawrence River. While the province's substantial natural resources have long been the mainstay of its economy, sectors of the knowledge economy such as aerospace, information and communication technologies, biotechnology, and the pharmaceutical industry also play leading roles. In 2020, there were 907,700 females 65 years of age and over in Quebec. Population estimates for Quebec, Canada 2000-2020; Population of Quebec by age and sex 2020; Population of Quebec, by educational attainment 2019; Canada - population projection by province … Read more Lines on the road dividing the direction of traffic was first seen near the border of Quebec in 1930. Population estimates for Quebec, Canada 2000-2020; Population of Quebec by age and sex 2020; Population of Quebec, by educational attainment 2019; Canada - population projection by province … Today there are over 700 different cheeses in Quebec. Quebec was the last province to abolish its legislative council. [185] Between 1991 to 2000, Quebec produced more scientific papers per 100,000 inhabitants than the United States and Germany. [40] Southern and western Quebec, including most of the major population centres and areas south of 51oN, have a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb) with four distinct seasons having warm to occasionally hot and humid summers and often very cold and snowy winters. Ives Goddard. Many literary works reproduce the daily lives of the past, following the social and cultural traditions of Quebec television series reproducing the old days[240] such as the trilogy of Pierre Gauvreau (Le Temps d'une paix, Cormoran and Le Volcan tranquille), La Famille Plouffe, Les Belles Histoires des Pays-d'en-Haut, La Petite Patrie, Entre chien et loup, Les Filles de Caleb, Blanche, Au nom du père et du fils, Marguerite Volant, Nos Étés or Musée Éden, among others. Quebec's cuisine has also been influenced by learning from First Nation, by English cuisine and by American cuisine. Read more The cabarets radically transformed the artistic scene, greatly influencing the live entertainment industry of Quebec. Quebec is at the centre of French-speaking culture in North America. Altogether, 17.5% of Canadians are bilingual in French and English. Early variations in the spelling of the name included Québecq (Levasseur, 1601) and Kébec (Lescarbot, 1609). Name Abbr. The Canadian Shield also has a complex hydrological network of perhaps a million lakes, bogs, streams and rivers. Some species of deciduous trees such as the yellow birch appear when the river is approached in the south. [207][208] The energy balance of Quebec has undergone a large shift over the past 30 years. [209], Quebec is the fourth largest producer of hydroelectricity in the world after China, Brazil and the United States and relies almost exclusively (96% in 2008) on this source of renewable energy for its electricity needs.[210]. [26] In 1927, the border between Quebec and Newfoundland and Labrador was established by the British Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. Name Abbr. This page was last edited on 15 January 2021, at 02:35. The traditional Quebecois cuisine descends from 16th century French cuisine, the fur trade and a history of hunting. The Quebec Act of 1774 expanded the territory of the province to include the Great Lakes and the Ohio River Valley and south of Rupert's Land, more or less restoring the borders previously existing under French rule before the Conquest of 1760. The northern regions of Quebec have an arctic climate (Köppen ET), with very cold winters and short, much cooler summers. [1] In 2013, Statistics Canada estimated the province's population to be 8,155,334. Quebec is also home to Canada’s second largest city, and the second largest French speaking city in the world, Montreal (more than four million people). Although the area is inhabited principally by the Cree, Naskapi, and Innu First Nations, thousands of temporary workers reside at Radisson to service the massive James Bay Hydroelectric Project on the La Grande and Eastmain rivers. The debate over the status of Quebec is a highly animated one to this day. [38] The combination of rich and easily arable soils and Quebec's relatively warm climate makes this valley the most prolific agricultural area of Quebec province. [167] The forest products industry ranks second in exports, with shipments valued at almost $11 billion. The Canadian boreal forest covers 27% of the area of Quebec. The population development in Québec as well as related information and services (Wikipedia, Google, images). Roussopoulos, Dimitrios I, compiler (1974). This result caused a split in the Quebec Liberal Party that led to the formation of the new Action démocratique (Democratic Action) party led by Mario Dumont and Jean Allaire. Nearly 9% of the population of Quebec belongs to a visible minority group. Today there are nearly a hundred breweries and companies, including Unibroue, Molson Coors, Labatt and many others. When Samuel de Champlain founded Québec City in 1608, his ship hoisted the merchant flag of a white cross on a blue background. It is the 2nd most populous province in Canada. In addition to the network of cultural centres in Quebec,[230] the venues include the Monument-National and the Rideau Vert (green curtain) Theatre in Montreal, the Trident Theatre in Quebec City, etc. Figure 1.1 description Figure 1.1 Number and percentage of the immigrant population, Quebec, 2001 to 2016. These efforts by the colonial governors eventually resulted in enactment of the Quebec Act[90] of 1774. The former Province of Canada was divided into its two previous parts as the provinces of Ontario (Upper Canada) and Quebec (Lower Canada). Province of Quebec Data quality Data quality note(s): Province of Quebec. [95], Loyalists soon petitioned the government to be allowed to use the British legal system they were [133] Life expectancy in Quebec reached a new high in 2011, with an expectancy of 78.6 years for men and 83.2 years for women; this ranked as the third-longest life expectancy among Canadian provinces, behind those of British Columbia and Ontario.[132]. Later the French explorer starting exploring Quebec, finally in the made a province for New France in 153… Confinement in Québec and introduction of a curfew between 8 p.m. and 5 a.m. from January 9 to February 8, 2021: Stay home and consult the Confinement in Québec page for details. Quebec - Quebec - Climate: Quebec’s climate is often characterized by extremes of hot and cold, and sometimes weather can be very severe. To secure the allegiance of the approximately 90,000 French-speaking Canadians to the British crown, first Governor James Murray and later Governor Guy Carleton promoted the need for change. The Oka hills also rise from the plain. [13] Even in central Quebec, at comparatively southerly latitudes, winters are severe in inland areas. Province. Various instruments are more popular in Quebec's culture: harmonica (music-of-mouth or lip-destruction), fiddle, spoons, jaw harp and accordion. The conservative government of Maurice Duplessis and his Union Nationale dominated Quebec politics from 1944 to 1959 with the support of the Catholic Church. Strongly influenced by the presence of the Catholic Church, the development of the religious history of Quebec is provided by organizations like the Council of the religious heritage of Quebec. An Overview Of The Population Of Canada. With unrest growing in the colonies to the south, which would one day grow into the American Revolution, the British were worried that the French-speaking Canadians might also support the growing rebellion. The question of sovereignty-association was placed before the voters in the 1980 Quebec referendum. [152] Quebec is experiencing faster growth of its R&D spending than other Canadian provinces. [94] To restore stability to his largest remaining North American colony, King George III sent Carleton back to Quebec to remedy the situation. Its culture is a symbol of a distinct perspective. [20] The Treaty of Paris (1783) ceded territories south of the Great Lakes to the United States. [67] Their lifestyles and cultures reflected the land on which they lived. The first cheese-making school in North America was established in Saint-Denis-de-Kamouraska in 1893. Factoring in the Montréal metropolitan area, this number rises to 4,098,927, or 50 per cent of the Quebec population. [176] The Quebec forest area covers seven degrees of latitude. The Canadian Style states that Montréal and Québec (the city) must retain their accents in English federal documents. In 2008, electricity ranked as the main form of energy used in Quebec (41.6%), followed by oil (38.2%) and natural gas (10.7%). In 1867, Quebec held 35.9 per cent of the country's ridings. It is bordered to the west by the province of Ontario and the bodies of water James Bay and Hudson Bay; to the north by Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay; to the east by the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the province of Newfoundland and Labrador; and to the south by the province of New Brunswick and the U.S. states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, and New York. [156], Quebec is considered as one of world leaders in fundamental scientific research, having produced ten Nobel laureates in either physics, chemistry, or medicine. It is affected by major continental air masses sweeping down from the northwest. The first Charlottetown Conference took place in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, followed by the Quebec Conference in Quebec City which led to a delegation going to London, England, to put forth a proposal for a national union. Quebec accounts for 24% of Canada's total population. Province of Quebec. In 2002, Quebec … [238] These sites were designated as being of national historic significance.[239]. Well-known English-language writers from Quebec include Leonard Cohen, Mordecai Richler, and Neil Bissoondath. This law has been the subject of periodic controversy since its inception. In 2017, Quebec saw one of the highest population increases for a single year, but this was mostly due to non-permanent residents. Legitimate exceptions are Montreal and Quebec. The multimedia sector is also dominated by the province of Quebec. Quebec [2] (French: Québec) is a province located in eastern Canada, the largest in size and second only to Ontario in population. By 1903, the parent of today's flag had taken shape, known as the "Fleurdelisé". Cities in Quebec The Province of Quebec was founded in the Royal Proclamation of 1763 after the Treaty of Paris formally transferred the French colony of Canada[19] to Britain after the Seven Years' War. [120][121] The head of government is the premier (called premier ministre in French) who leads the largest party in the unicameral National Assembly, or Assemblée Nationale, from which the Executive Council of Quebec is appointed. [202], Concerning rail transport, Quebec has 6,678 kilometres (4,150 mi) of railways[203] integrated in the large North American network. The Saint Lawrence River has some of the world's largest sustaining inland Atlantic ports at Montreal (the province's largest city), Trois-Rivières, and Quebec City (the capital). [29] The most recent layers of sedimentary rock were formed as the seabed of the ancient Champlain Sea at the end of the last ice age about 14,000 years ago. [226] The Artis and the Gemini Awards gala recognize the personalities of television and radio industry in Quebec and French Canada. These terms were signed into law with the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye. The Cinémathèque québécoise has a mandate to promote the film and television heritage of Quebec. British Columbia Population 2019; Manitoba Population 2019; Nova Scotia Population 2019; Ontario Population 2019; Quebec Province Population 2019; New Brunswick Population 2019; Newfoundland and Labrador Population 2019; Saskatchewan Population 2019 Predominantly French-speaking (French being the provincial government's official language), Quebec is situated east of Ontario; to the west of Newfoundland and Labrador, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island; to the south of the territory of … This population arose from an influx of people into Quebec from France during the 17th to mid-18th century. [58] These air masses encounter the cold Labrador Current, which creates cool summers in the northeastern regions. Quebec has a population of 8.4 million people, making it the second most populous after Ontario. Coureurs des bois, voyageurs and Catholic missionaries used river canoes to explore the interior of the North American continent. Later, the French start exploring the Ontario areas from the beginning of 15 th century. Also, northern region people have made a living by fishing. [184] The contribution of Quebec in science and technology represent approximately 1% of the researches worldwide since the 1980s to 2009. Municipal mergers and an expanding city. The R&D expenditure in Quebec is higher than the average G7 and OECD countries. The Cultural Heritage Fund is a program of the Quebec government[235] for the conservation and development of Quebec's heritage, together with various laws. [27], Located in the eastern part of Canada, and (from a historical and political perspective) part of Central Canada, Quebec occupies a territory nearly three times the size of France or Texas, most of which is very sparsely populated. Émile Nelligan, a Quebec poet famous for his poem Winter evening, First influenced since the days of New France by Catholicism, with works from Frère Luc (Brother Luke) and more recently from Ozias Leduc and Guido Nincheri, art of Quebec has developed around the specific characteristics of its landscapes and cultural, historical, social and political representations.[231]. (free Quebec!) (Figures shown are for single-language responses only. The all time record high was 40.0 °C (104.0 °F) and the all time record low was −51.0 °C (−59.8 °F). It accounts for 8% of the Quebec's GDP and generate $19.2 billion. The Labrador Peninsula is covered by the Laurentian Plateau (or Canadian Shield), dotted with mountains such as Otish Mountains. [26] This was followed by the addition of the District of Ungava through the Quebec Boundaries Extension Act of 1912 that added the northernmost lands of the Inuit to create the modern Province of Quebec. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. [141][142] Until 1969, Quebec was the only officially bilingual province in Canada and most public institutions functioned in both languages. Mixed forests provide most of Canada's springtime maple syrup crop. Linguistic map of the province of Quebec (source: Statistics Canada, 2006 census): Indigenous peoples and European exploration, Seven Years' War and capitulation of New France. [69] The Inuit continue to fish and hunt whale and seal in the harsh Arctic climate along the coasts of Hudson and Ungava Bay. [227], Various tales and stories are told through oral tradition, such as, among many more, the legends of the Bogeyman, the Chasse-galerie, the Black Horse of Trois-Pistoles, the Complainte de Cadieux, the Corriveau, the dancing devil of Saint-Ambroise, the Giant Beaupré, the monsters of the lakes Pohénégamook and Memphremagog, of Quebec Bridge (called the Devil's Bridge), the Rocher Percé and of Rose Latulipe, for example.[228]. Lévesque and his party had run in the 1970 and 1973 Quebec elections under a platform of separating Quebec from the rest of Canada. [131], At 1.69 children per woman, Quebec's 2011 fertility rate is above the Canada-wide rate of 1.61,[132] and is higher than it was at the turn of the 21st century. [236] Several organizations ensure that same mission, both in the social and cultural traditions in the countryside and heritage buildings, including the Commission des biens culturels du Québec, the Quebec Heritage Fondation, the Conservation Centre of Quebec, the Centre for development of living heritage, the Quebec Council of living heri tage, the Quebec Association of heritage interpretation, etc. Les Rendez-vous du cinéma québécois is a festival surrounding the ceremony of the Jutra Awards Night that rewards work and personalities of Quebec cinema. The population of Canada increased every year since Confederation in 1867. [24] Each became one of the first four provinces. ", "Le Québec, la puissance énergétique verte du continent? [32] More than half a million lakes,[30] including 30 with an area greater than 250 square kilometres (97 sq mi), and 4,500 rivers[30] pour their torrents into the Atlantic Ocean, through the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the Arctic Ocean, by James, Hudson, and Ungava bays. The capital city is Quebec City, with a population of nearly 800,000. [45] From temperate zones to the northern territories of the Far North, the brightness varies with latitude, as well as the Northern Lights and midnight sun. By 1758 at the Battle of Carillon, the Flag of Carillon would become the basis of Quebec's desire to have its own flag. Only groups with 1.5 percent or more of respondents are shown.[134]. At that time, French-speaking Canadians formed the vast majority of the population of the province of Quebec (more than 99%) and British immigration was not going well. The Conseil des arts et des lettres du Québec (CALQ) is an initiative of the Ministry of Culture and Communications (Quebec). It is home to second most populated city in Canada, Montreal. After his loss in the referendum, Lévesque went back to Ottawa to start negotiating a new constitution with Trudeau, his minister of Justice Jean Chrétien and the nine other provincial premiers. In 2013, Statistics Canada estimated the province's population to be 8,155,334. You can also consult all the information on COVID‑19. The taiga covers about 20% of the total area of Quebec. Several companies, such as Ubisoft settled in Quebec since the late 1990s. Although primarily intended for the transport of goods through companies such as the Canadian National (CN) and the Canadian Pacific (CP), the Quebec railway network is also used by inter-city passengers via Via Rail Canada and Amtrak. For the province's capital city, see. Quebec is the second-most populous province of Canada, after Ontario. In 1970, their activities culminated in events referred to as the October Crisis when James Cross, the British trade commissioner to Canada, was kidnapped along with Pierre Laporte, a provincial minister and Vice-Premier. La province de Québec est la plus grande province canadienne : les deux autres provinces comparables au Québec sont l'Ontario et l… The average land wildlife includes the cougar, the coyote, the eastern wolf, the bobcat, the Arctic fox, the fox, etc. [135], Religion in Quebec (2011 National Household Survey):[136], Quebec is unique among the provinces in its overwhelmingly Roman Catholic population, though recently with a low church attendance. [49], The all-time record of the greatest precipitation in winter was established in winter 2007–2008, with more than five metres[50] of snow in the area of Quebec City, while the average amount received per winter is around three metres. Often known as Bill 101, it defined French as the only official language of Quebec in areas of provincial jurisdiction.[107]. These air masses encounter the cold Labrador Current, which creates cool summers in the northeastern regions. This statistic shows the median age of the resident population of Canada, distinguished by province in 2020. The Iroquois and Wyandot occupied the southern part. They cannot be subordinated by any other principle.[212]. Quebec’s population account for 22.55 percent of the country’s population. About 7 million Canadians are descended from these original 2,600 colonists. Later in the 17th century, the trading was created for exporting the wood and other products from the province of Ontario. Situé dans la partie est du Canada, entre l'Ontario et les provinces de l'Atlantique, le Québec partage sa frontière sud avec les États-Unis et est traversé par le fleuve Saint-Laurent qui relie les Grands Lacs à l'océan Atlantique2. In the manner of touring companies of the Renaissance, the clowns, street performers, minstrels, or troubadours travel from city to city to play their comedies. Gen. of Quebec v. Blaikie et al., 1979 CanLII 21 (S.C.C. During its history, Quebec has hosted several major sporting events; including the 1976 Summer Olympics, the Fencing World Championships in 1967, track cycling in 1974, and the Transat Québec-Saint-Malo race created for the first time in 1984. [165] It employs about 50,000 people[166] in 158 companies. This sport, which was played for the first time on March 3, 1875, at the Victoria Skating Rink in Montreal and promoted over the years by numerous achievements, including the centenary of the Montreal Canadiens, still raises passions. Most visible minorities in Quebec live in or near Montreal. This industry generated 487,000 jobs in agriculture, fisheries, manufacturing of food, beverages and tobacco and food distribution.[171]. Figure 1.1 Number and percentage of the immigrant population, Quebec, 2001 to 2016. People and Culture. Quebec is the only province whose official language is French. [177], The government of Quebec has launched the Stratégie québécoise de la recherche et de l'innovation (SQRI) in 2007 which aims to promote development through research, science and technology. From south to north, average temperatures range in summer between 25 and 5 °C (77 and 41 °F) and, in winter, between −10 and −25 °C (14 and −13 °F). This statistic shows the population of Quebec, Canada in 2020, by age and sex. [59] Moreover, in addition to food certified as "organic", Charlevoix lamb is the first local Quebec product whose geographical indication is protected. Other ethnic origins include, in order of size: Portuguese, Belgian, East Indian, Romanian, Russian, Moroccan, American, Metis, Vietnamese, Acadian, Ukrainian, African, Filipino, Algerian, British Isles, Armenian, Dutch, Hungarian, Swiss, Egyptian, Salvadoran, Syrian, Colombian, Mexican, Berbers, Inuit, Iranian, Peruvian, Jamaican, Pakistani, Chilean, Turk, Austrian, Sri Lankan, Congolese, Cambodian, and Welsh. [70] These people traded fur and food and sometimes warred with each other. [84] To encourage population growth and to redress the severe imbalance between single men and women, King Louis XIV sponsored the passage of approximately 800 young French women (known as les filles du roi) to the colony. During World War II, the participation of Quebec was more important but led to the Conscription Crisis of 1944 and opposition. The written forms of French place-names in Canada retain their diacritics such as accent marks over vowels in English text. [160] Quebec is one of North America's leading high-tech player. Most of the first cheeses were soft cheeses, but after the Conquest of New France, hard cheese began to be created as well. Montréal is the economic and cultural centre of the province.